A random number generator (RNG) is a tool that produces unpredictable numbers within a specified range. RNGs are widely used in games, decision-making, lotteries, cryptography, and simulations, ensuring unbiased and unpredictable outcomes.

How Random Number Generators Work

1. True Random vs. Pseudorandom

   • True RNG uses natural, unpredictable phenomena (e.g., atmospheric noise).

   • Pseudorandom RNG relies on algorithms to simulate randomness, often sufficient for most applications.

2. Generating a Random Number

   • Manually: Rolling dice, drawing slips, flipping a coin

   • Digitally: Online generators, programming functions like rand() in Python or Excel’s RANDBETWEEN()

Common Uses of RNGs

• Lotteries & Contests – Ensures fair random selection of winners.

• Gaming & Simulations – Powers randomness in video games, card games, and AI behavior.

• Team Assignments & Drawings – Helps divide groups fairly.

• Security & Cryptography – Encrypts sensitive data with unpredictable numbers.

Example: Generating a Random Number (1-100)

• Using a digital tool: Online RNGs instantly provide a number.

• Using Excel or Google Sheets: =RANDBETWEEN(1,100)

• In Python:

  import random print(random.randint(1, 100))

For basic random selections, online tools and spreadsheet functions work well. For advanced security or gaming, high-quality RNG algorithms ensure true unpredictability. Whether for fun or serious applications, RNGs make fair, unbiased, and efficient selections possible.